Ginger (Zingiber officinale)
Native to southeast Asia, ginger is now cultivated in the US (including Hawaii), India, China, the West Indies, and other tropical regions. Ginger root is a tender creeping perennial from the tropics that grows to about four feet high, producing thick, aromatic, fibrous, knotty, buff-coloured tuberous rhizomes. The stems are erect and annual with long, narrow, lance-shaped leaves. The plant can produce stalks of sterile, fragrant, white or yellow flowers. The root of the Chinese ginger does not separate as easily from the skin as does the Jamaican variety. The rhizome is unearthed when the plant is about ten months old. Ginger has an ancient history as a culinary and as a medicinal herb, and has been used in the West for at least 3,000 years. Ginger was well-known to the Greeks and Romans, who used it extensively. Arabian traders took it to India and the Red Sea. By the 11th century CE, it was a common trade article from the East to Europe. Ginger is mentioned by Confucius (551-478 BCE), and in the Quran.